Fungal Nail Infections (Onychomycosis): Causes, Symptoms & Podiatry Treatment
Fungal nail infections, known medically as onychomycosis, are a common condition affecting toenails and, less frequently, fingernails. In Australia’s warm and usually humid climate, fungal infections can be persistent and difficult to treat without professional care.
What is Onychomycosis?
Onychomycosis is a fungal infection that occurs when fungi, including dermatophytes, yeasts, or moulds, invade the nail bed or nail plate. It often begins as a white or yellow spot under the tip of the toenail and can gradually cause the nail to discolour, thicken, or crumble.
The infection can affect one or multiple nails and may spread if left untreated.
Causes and Risk Factors
Fungal nail infections can develop from various sources, including:
Walking barefoot in communal areas like gyms, pools, or public showers
Wearing tight, enclosed footwear that creates a warm, moist environment
Nail trauma or damage that allows fungi to enter
Having athlete’s foot (tinea pedis)
A weakened immune system or chronic health conditions such as diabetes
Symptoms of Fungal Nail Infection
Common signs include:
Discolouration (yellow, brown or white spots)
Thickened or brittle nails
Nail distortion or detachment from the nail bed
Foul odour from the affected nail
Itching or irritation around the nail
Podiatry Treatment Options
Treatment for onychomycosis can be challenging, as the infection resides deep within the nail. However, podiatrists offer a range of effective options:
1. Topical Antifungal Treatments
Prescription-strength topical medications, often in the form of lacquers or solutions, can be applied directly to the affected nail. These are most effective in mild to moderate cases and require consistent daily use for several months.
2. Oral Antifungal Medication
For more severe or stubborn infections, your podiatrist or GP may recommend a course of oral antifungal medication. These drugs work systemically to target the fungus from within, but they may require blood tests to monitor liver function during treatment.
3. Nail Debridement and Laser Therapy
Podiatrists may also use debridement (thinning and cleaning of the nail) to improve the effectiveness of topical treatments. In some clinics, laser therapy is available to target fungal cells with light energy, offering a non-invasive and pain-free option.
Early diagnosis and treatment are key to managing fungal nail infections effectively. If you suspect you have onychomycosis, book an appointment with our podiatrists to explore the best treatment options and prevent the infection from spreading.
